#intel 8085

[retrocompmx]

¿Sabías que...?

¿Sabías que existió una familia de procesadores de Intel 8085? Eran de 8 bits, anteriores a los 8086. Tenían velocidades de hasta 8 Mhz y 64k Ram, compatible con codificación 8080 y Z80. Ordenadores de este procesador fueron la Radio Shack TRS-80, Modelo 100 y 200 y la CompuPro 8/16 #retrocomputingmx #Intel8085

[andmaybegayer]

Hunting down some stories about the early Intel fabs as a follow up to the cool chips post, found this little historical paper

Quite a few parts, ranging from the 1850-transistor 5810 watch chip, up to at least the 6144-transistor 8085 microprocessor, used no logic verification technique other than the engineer's brain. Andrew spent weeks in 1976 playing “computer” by running through all the 8085 instructions.

Customers were skeptical of the reliability of the early EPROMs and were afraid that sunlight would erase them. To test the technology, 1702s were left on the roof of an Intel building in full sunlight for many days with no data loss.

Missing a cut or forgetting to peel a geometry would mean a bad part. Ted Jenkins remembers working on the first Intel product, the 3101 64-bit RAM. Actually, the first version was only a 63-bit RAM due to a simple error peeling one layer on the rubylith.

[stevebattle]

Rodney by David Heiserman (1979). Rodney is a wheeled robot controlled by an Intel 8085 CPU, programmed by hand via an array of switches. “The Intelligence is there, of course, but it operates on such a primitive level that little of significance comes from it. … the essence of an Alpha-Class machine is it’s purely reflexive and, for the most part, random behavior. Alpha Rodney will behave much as a little one-cell creature that struggles to survive in its drop-of-water world. The machine will blunder around the room, working its way out of menacing tight spots, and hoping to stumble, quite accidentally, into the battery charger.” – How to Build Your Own Self-Programming Robot by David L. Heiserman.

[yagobadstar]

Come hanno fatto gli ingegneri a programmare il software o un sistema operativo prima che esistesse una tastiera?

Non avevano la tastiera ma avevano accesso diretto alla memoria, che è pure meglio. Programmavano in linguaggio macchina inserendo un byte dopo l'altro, tramite interruttori e pulsanti. La stessa soluzione dell'Altair 8800, il nonno dei microcomputer anni '80.

Quindi, a rigor di termini, non è corretto dire che non avessero tastiere: erano solo un po' diverse dalle nostre.

Le prime tastiere dei mainframe furono delle telescriventi, che si interfacciavano ai computer attraverso nastri perforati, e poi terminali video, come la famosa famiglia VT100 della Digital. Per avere delle "tastiere" nel senso che diciamo noi devi aspettare (ancora) i primi microcomputer su scheda, come l'amico 2000 che avevano una tastiera esadecimale a bordo.

Il "sistema operativo" dell'Amico 2000 era un semplice monitor in linguaggio macchina, cioè un programma che ti dava modo di scrivere i tuoi programmi in linguaggio macchina, eseguirli e farli terminare cristianamente. Qualcosa di simile al DEBUG di MS-DOS, ma più primitivo.

L'evoluzione successiva la conosciamo tutti,

l'Intel 8086 è un microprocessore a 16 bit progettato dalla Intel nel 1978, che diede origine all'architettura x86. È basato sull'8080 e sull'8085 (è compatibile con l'assembly dell'8080), con un insieme di registri simili, ma a 16 bit.

Buon lavoro a tutti!

[rahul-tech]

Intel 8085 Architecture: A Comprehensive Guide

In the ever-evolving tapestry of computing, the Intel 8085 microprocessor stands as a landmark achievement, a pivotal piece that laid the foundation for the modern microprocessors that power our lives. Understanding the Intel 8085 architecture reveals how this seemingly simple 8-bit processor, introduced by Intel in 1976, not only revolutionized computing but also ushered in a new era of…

[vax-official]

CP/M was a portable operating system made by Gary Kildall at Digital Research for 8-bit computers containing an Intel 8080, Intel 8085 or Zilog Z80 CPU, that resembled early versions of MS-DOS. Applications written for this system were supposedly usable on all CP/M based systems. CP/M was later ported to the 16-bit Intel 8086/8088 CPUs, the ones used in the first IBM PC computer, with which current x86 processors are compatible with.

The system is famous for having lost out to PC DOS/MS-DOS as the de facto standard operating system for the IBM PC, paving the way for Microsoft's dominance in desktop operating systems. The most successful descendant of CP/M was arguably DR-DOS which was fully MS-DOS compatible, unlike the original 16-bit version of CP/M.

This book is currently accessible on the Internet Archive and based on the table of contents, also includes parts on MP/M, a multitasking/multiuser version of CP/M, available way before multitasking was commonplace on home computers. A brief look inside indicates that it also mentions its 16-bit version for Intel 8086/8088. It describes version 2.2 of CP/M, which at the time was the latest version (CP/M Plus came out a year later).

1982

[awaredotin]

Intel 8086: A 16-bit Microprocessor

#NeedToKnow: intel8086

The intel 8086 is a 16-bit microprocessor introduced by intel in 1978. It marked a significant advancements over the earlier 8-bit processor like the 8085. key features and aspects of intel 8086 01. 16-Bit Architecture: The 8086 is a 16- bit processor with a 16-bit data bus and a 20-bit address bus, allowing it to address up to 1MB of memory. 02. Register: It includes a set of 16-bit…

[trading435]

Microprocessors and Microcontrollers: Key Components of ESE Electronics Syllabus

In the Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE) syllabus for the Engineering Services Examination (ESE) in India, microprocessors and microcontrollers are important topics that are covered. These topics are fundamental to understanding digital electronics and embedded systems. Here are some key components related to microprocessors and microcontrollers in the ese electronics syllabus:

Introduction to Microprocessors and Microcontrollers:

Overview of microprocessors and microcontrollers.

Basic architecture and functionalities of microprocessors and microcontrollers.

Microprocessor Architecture:

Explanation of the architecture of popular microprocessors, such as Intel 8085, 8086, or similar architectures.

Detailed study of various components, including registers, ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), control unit, memory, and buses.

Microcontroller Architecture:

Understanding the architecture of microcontrollers like the 8051 microcontroller.

Key components like CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O ports, timers/counters, and interrupt system.

Assembly Language Programming:

Writing assembly language programs for microprocessors and microcontrollers.

Understanding instruction sets, addressing modes, and programming concepts.

Memory Interface:

Study of memory interfacing techniques for microprocessors and microcontrollers.

Concepts like memory organization, memory mapping, and interfacing with ROM and RAM.

I/O Interface:

Basics of input and output interfacing with microprocessors and microcontrollers.

Various techniques for interfacing with devices such as LEDs, displays, keyboards, and sensors.

Serial and Parallel Communication:

Serial communication protocols like UART, USART.

Parallel communication techniques for data transfer.

Interrupts and Timers:

Understanding interrupt handling and timer/counters in microcontrollers.

Their significance in real-time systems.

Peripherals and Applications:

Applications of microcontrollers in embedded systems, automation, and control systems.

Interfacing with various peripherals and sensors.

Embedded C Programming:

Writing C programs for microcontrollers.

Embedded C concepts and development tools.

Microcontroller Interfacing and Projects:

Practical application of microcontroller knowledge through projects and hands-on experience.

Developing and implementing microcontroller-based systems.

Recent Advancements:

Awareness of recent developments in the field of microprocessors and microcontrollers.

Emerging technologies and trends.

It's important to note that the specific content and depth of coverage for microprocessors and microcontrollers may vary from one ESE exam to another, so candidates should refer to the official ESE syllabus provided by the conducting authority for the most accurate and up-to-date information. Studying these topics is essential for candidates looking to excel in the ESE examination, especially if they aim for jobs in fields related to electronics, communication, and embedded systems.

[science70]

Christopher A. Titus, David G. Larsen and Jonathan A. Titus, 8080/8085 Software Design, Book 2 (Howard W. Sams & Co., 1979).

[georgsyard]

[coursesforallacademynoida]

B.Tech Back Paper Tuition In Noida For Microprocessor B.Tech Back Paper Tuition In Noida For Microprocessor Introduction to Microprocessor Tuition In Noida Introduction to Microprocessor and its applications, Microprocessor Evolution Tree, Microprocessor…

[tomasafonso05]

UNIDADE DE CONTROLE

A unidade de controle (português brasileiro) ou controlo (português europeu) (UC), em inglês control unit (CU), é a responsável por gerar todos os sinais que controlam as operações no exterior da CPU, e ainda por dar todas as instruções para o correto funcionamento interno da CPU. A apoiá-la, a UC terá a colaboração de uma outra estrutura/actor (o descodificador de instruções). É a unidade de controle, sendo esta uma UTM, a responsável pela abstração das diversas máquinas virtualizadas dentro do sistema computacional, ou seja, ela é a responsável pela exata “expressão de software” que rodam internamente ao PC em determinado momento. Sem ela o computador seria uma máquina de função única, não sendo possível o processador funcionar com propósito geral.[1]

Funcionamento[editar | editar código-fonte]

A unidade de controle executa três ações básicas intrínsecas e pré-programadas pelo próprio fabricante do processador, são elas: busca (fetch), decodificação e execução.

Assim sendo, todo processador, ao iniciar sua operação, realiza uma operação cíclica, tendo como base essas três ações. Dependendo do tipo de microprocessador, a unidade de controle pode se ser fixa ou programável. A unidade fixa é aquela unidade que já vem com todo o conjunto de instrução programado em uma ULA que é construída pelo fabricante dentro da UC.

Por exemplo: os microprocessadores 8080/8085/Z80/6800/6502 possuem unidade de controle fixa. Um exemplo de unidade de controle programável pode ser visto nos processadores conhecidos como bit slicing, essa arquitetura, além de permitir a construção das partes do computador usando módulos básicos bit slices, permite ao projetista de hardware programar seu próprio conjunto de instruções.

Inicialmente, a UC fornece o endereço de memória de onde deve retirar um octeto (byte) ou mais, conhecido como chunk. Esse chunk pode conter um código de operação, ou um operando também conhecido como dado. Lembre-se, na primeira posição de memória deve sempre ser gravado um código de operação, pois só o código de operação pode informar para a UC qual ação deve ser tomada depois. Além de controlar a posição de memória que contém a instrução corrente que o computador está executando a UC, ao decodificar o código de operação, informa à ULA qual operação a executar: soma ou subtração nos processadores de 8 bits. Nos processadores de 16 bits podem ser efectuadas as instruções de soma, subtração, divisão e multiplicação.

Em adição a essas operações que chamamos de aritméticas, a partir da decodificação do código de operação, a UC tem a capacidade de realizar operações que denominamos operações lógicas, onde se incluem: E, OU, XOR, comparação, deslocamento de bits para a direita e para a esquerda. Essas operações são basicamente as mesmas para grande maioria de microprocessadores que existem no mercado. Contudo, cada fabricante atribui a cada uma delas um mnemônico diferente, registra-os em um manual de instruções específico daquele processador, e o denomina conjunto de instruções.

Uma característica muito importante de nota é que a arquitetura de um processador pode ser orientada de dois tipos: por registrador ou para a memória.

Se for orientada para registradores como no caso da arquitetura Intel, a ULA, após executar qualquer operação lógica ou aritmética, sempre vai armazenar o resultado no registrador acumulador. No caso de ser orientado para memória, como é o caso dos microprocessadores da Motorola, nem sempre o resultado é armazenado no acumulador, podendo esse ser armazenado em qualquer posição de memória. Terminada a primeira instrução, a unidade de controle auto incrementa um contador, chamado de contador de programa e vai para a próxima instrução (tipicamente localizada na próxima posição da memória (endereço de memória), a menos que a instrução seja uma instrução de desvio informando o computador que a próxima instrução está em outra posição).

[portalfebri]

Sejarah Mikroprosesor dan Komputasi

Sejarah komputasi agak lama. Mikroprosesor dikembangkan untuk mempermudah komputasi. Tetapi sekarang tidak terbatas pada komputer. Ini digunakan di setiap bidang. Komputasi dimulai ketika Babilonia menemukan Abacus pada 500 SM. Itu bukan mesin, tetapi menyederhanakan pekerjaan perhitungan. Kemudian, Pascal meningkatkan Abacus. Dia juga membuat kalkulator yang sifatnya mekanis. Itu dibuat dari roda gigi dan roda. Langkah selanjutnya adalah langkah paling penting untuk penemuan mikroprosesor. Pada 1823 Charles Babbage menemukan Analytical Engine. Itu dapat diprogram menggunakan kartu berlubang. http://www.jualbelikomputerbekas.com/

Z2 dianggap sebagai komputer modern pertama. Itu ditemukan oleh Konrad Zuse pada tahun 1939. Dia meningkatkan mesin Z2 pada tahun 1940 dan menamainya Z3. Ini adalah versi mekanis dari komputer. Colossus memegang pengakuan komputer elektronik pertama. Alan Turing menciptakannya pada tahun 1943. Itu tidak dapat diprogram. Sistem komputer elektronik yang dapat diprogram tidak tersedia hingga tahun 1946. Komputer yang dapat diprogram pertama adalah ENIAC. Ini dikembangkan pada tahun 1946 di University of Pennsylvania.

Mikroprosesor tidak tersedia sampai tahun 1971. Mikroprosesor membutuhkan peralatan elektronik canggih. Ini tidak tersedia pada waktu itu. Intel 4004 dianggap sebagai mikroprosesor pertama. Itu dirancang oleh Federic Faggin. Ini mendapatkan popularitas besar secara instan. Perancang sistem menyadari kekuatan mikroprosesor. Itu adalah produk penjualan terbaik saat itu. TMS-1000 juga sangat populer saat itu. Mikroprosesor 4-bit masih sangat populer.

Mikroprosesor 4-bit menunjukkan kekuatan mikroprosesor. Semua orang mengharapkan fitur yang lebih baik untuk melakukan pekerjaan besar. Intel segera merilis 8008. Beberapa bulan kemudian, Motorola merilis MC6800. Intel juga merilis 8080 dan 8085. Ini adalah versi lanjutan dari 8008. Pada tahun 1976, Zilog merilis Z80 yang mirip dengan Intel 8080. Z80 diakui sebagai produk penjualan terbaik saat itu. Z80 terjual lebih dari 500 juta di seluruh dunia. Itu masih salah satu mikroprosesor paling populer.

Kemudian, Intel merilis 8086. Itu adalah mikroprosesor 16-bit pertama. Intel adalah perusahaan mikroprosesor paling sukses saat ini. Apple juga telah mulai membangun mikroprosesor versi mereka sendiri untuk komputer Macintosh mereka. Sekarang komputer modern telah memecahkan semua hambatan. Mikroprosesor maju dengan kecepatan tinggi dan demikian pula teknologi kami. 

[swarupkumarnath07]

Basic Understanding of 8086 Microprocessor

8086 Microprocessor

Hello, and welcome to my blog! Today I’m going to share with you some of my understanding of 8086 microprocessor, which is one of the most important and influential inventions in the history of computing.

The 8086 microprocessor was introduced by Intel in 1978 as the first 16-bit processor. It was designed to be compatible with the 8080 and 8085 processors, but with a much more powerful instruction set and architecture. The 8086 microprocessor had a 20-bit address bus, which allowed it to access up to 1 MB of memory. It also had a 16-bit data bus, which enabled it to perform arithmetic and logic operations on 16-bit operands.

The 8086 microprocessor had two modes of operation: real mode and protected mode. In real mode, the processor could only access the first 1 MB of memory using segment registers and offsets. In protected mode, the processor could access up to 16 MB of memory using a more complex mechanism involving selectors and descriptors. Protected mode also provided features such as memory protection, multitasking, and virtual memory.

The 8086 microprocessor was the basis for the x86 family of processors, which dominated the personal computer market for decades. The 8086 microprocessor was used in many popular computers such as the IBM PC, the Compaq Portable, and the original Macintosh. The 8086 microprocessor also inspired many other processors such as the Zilog Z8000, the Motorola 68000, and the ARM architecture.

If you are interested to understand more about the 8086 microprocessor, then you can go through the PiEmbSysTech 8086 microprocessor Tutorial Blog. If you have any questions or query, that you need to get answer or you have any idea to share it with the community, you can use Piest Forum.

The 8086 microprocessor was a remarkable achievement that revolutionized the field of computing. It paved the way for many innovations and applications that we take for granted today. I hope you enjoyed this brief overview of the 8086 microprocessor and learned something new. Thank you for reading my blog!

[awaredotin]

Intel 8085: Microprocessor-Based Systems

#NeedToKnow: intel 8085

“Technology Motherboard” by Lenharth Systems/ CC0 1.0 The intel 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor introduced by intel in 1976. It is part of the MCS-85 family and was widely used in early microprocessor-based systems. key features and aspects of intel 8085 01. Architecture: The 8085 follows a von Neumann Architecture, with a single set of address and data buses. It has a 16-bit address bus,…

[joroanblog]

The History of Microprocessor and Computing

Microprocessor is a genuinely new development. The history has not even arrived at 50 years landmark, yet microprocessor has made an upheaval in this brief time frame. Current development can't go even a day without it. It is utilized in all circles of life. The adding machine, morning timer and a lot more gadgets use microprocessor to play out their errand. Microprocessor is perhaps of the best deal in gadgets world.

History of computing is rather old. Microprocessor was created to make computing simple. Yet, presently it isn't restricted to PCs. It is utilized in each field. Computing began when Babylonians designed Math device in 500 BC. It was anything but a machine, however worked on the gig of estimation. Afterward, Pascal worked on the Math device. He likewise made a mini-computer which was mechanical in nature. It was produced using cog wheels and wheels. The following stage was the main step for the development of microprocessor. In 1823 Charles Babbage designed Logical Motor. It very well may be customized utilizing punched card.

Z2 is considered as the primary current PC. It was developed by Konrad Zuse in 1939. He further developed the Z2 machine in 1940 and named it Z3. This was mechanical adaptation of PC. Monster holds the acknowledgment of first electronic PC. Alan Turing imagined it in 1943. It was not programmable. Programmable electronic PC framework was not accessible till 1946. The principal programmable PC was ENIAC. It was created in 1946 at the College of Pennsylvania.

Microprocessor was not accessible until 1971. Microprocessor requires progressed electronic types of gear. These were not accessible around then. Intel 4004 is considered as the main microprocessor. It was planned by Federic Faggin. It acquired gigantic notoriety immediately. The framework architects understood the force of microprocessor. It was the best deal item around then. TMS-1000 was additionally exceptionally famous around then. 4-bit microprocessor is still extremely well known.

4-digit microprocessor showed the force of microprocessor. Everybody was anticipating that better elements should do huge works. Intel before long delivered 8008. A couple of months after the fact, Motorola delivered MC6800. Intel additionally delivered 8080 and 8085. These were progressed form of 8008. In 1976, Zilog delivered Z80 which was like Intel 8080. Z80 was perceived as the best deal result of that time. Z80 was sold north of 500 million around the world. It is as yet one of the most well known microprocessor. Check it out Integrated circuit IC

Afterward, Intel delivered the 8086. It was the initial 16-bit microprocessor. Intel is the best microprocessor organization today. Mac has additionally begun building their own variant of microprocessor for their Mac PCs. Presently current PCs have broken every one of the hindrances. The microprocessors are progressing at an incredible speed and our innovation is as well.